Activity Sheet No.12 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Timeline in the History of Computer Learning Targets: Investigate the timeline in the history of computer. Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Year Event 2400 BC Abacus, the first known calculator was invented in Babylonia. It was a major step towards the era of computing that was to follow. 500 BC Panini, an ancient Indian Sanskrit grammarian came up with the predecessor of the modern formal language theory. 300 BC Pingala invented the binary number system that serves as the foundation of computing systems the world over. 1614 John Napier designed the system of moveable rods, which used algorithms to perform the basic mathematical operations. 1622 William Oughtred invented slide rules. 1822 Charles Babbage devised the first mechanical computer. 1937 John V. Atanasoff devised the first digital electronic computer 1939 Atanasoff and Clifford Berry came up with the ABC prototype. 1941 The electromechanical Z machines by Konrad Zuse proved being an important step in the evolution of computers. 1943 Colossus, which was able to decode German messages, was designed at Bletchley Park in Britain. 1944 Harvard Mark I, a computer with lesser programmability was designed. 1945 John von Neumann described a stored program architecture, for the first time ever. This architecture was the heart of the computer systems developed thereafter. This architecture, which came to be known as the von Neumann architecture is a part of every computer till today. 1946 The Ballistics Research Laboratory of the United States came up with the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC). It was the first general purpose electronic computer; but had an inflexible architecture. 1950 The US National Bureau of Standards came up with the Standards Electronic/Eastern Automatic Computer (SEAC). It was the first computer using diodes for handling logic. 1951 Lynos Electronic Office (LEO), the first business computer was developed by John Simmons and T. Raymond Thompson. UNIVAC I, the first commercial computer was designed in the United States by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. EDVAC, the electronic discrete variable automatic computer was introduced. 1955 Bell Labs introduced its first transistor computer. Transistors made computers energy-efficient. 1958 Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) was formed. This year also witnessed the making of the first silicon chip by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce. 1968 DEC launched the first mini computer known as PDP-8 1969 The US Department of Defense founded the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). It was established with intent to develop a computer network and is the predecessor of the Internet. 1971 Microcomputers came up with microprocessors and Ted Hoff at Intel, introduced 4-bit 4004. 1972 This year witnessed the creation of 8080 microprocessors by Intel. 1973 A minicomputer that was called Xerox Alto was developed during this year. It was an important milestone in the development of personal computers. 1974 Researchers at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center came up with Alto, which was the first workstation with an inbuilt mouse. It had a fair amount of storage capacity and offered menus and icons. It could also connect to a network. 1975 Altair came up with the first portable computer. The foundation of the present-day relationship between portability and computing was laid way back in 1975! Tandem computers, the first computers with online transaction processing capacities were born during this period. 1979 By 1979, more that half a million computers were in use in the United States. This number crossed 10 million by 1983. 1981 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) was founded. It was during the same year that the first 32-bit chip was introduced by Hewlett-Packard. 1982 Intel announced the 80286 processor. 1983 In this year, the Time magazine nominated personal computer for the title ‘machine of the year’. 1985 Intel introduced the 80386 processor that consists of a 16MHz processor. 1990 The World Wide Web was born. Tim Berners-Lee, a researcher at CERN, developed HTML. He came up with specifications such as URL and HTTP. He based the World Wide Web on enquiry-based system that used hypertext and enabled people to collaborate over a network. His first web server and browser became available to the public. Till date The development of newer versions of computer systems continues. Exercises: 1. What is the first calculating device? 2. Who invented the first digital electronic computer? 3. Give the development computers at the most recent times. Activity Sheet No.13 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Types of Computers Learning Targets: Classifying types of computers Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Computers are electronic devices that are capable of processing data/information given in the form of numbers, words, pictures, and even sounds. Category of Computers Based on the operational principle of computers, they are categorized as analog computers and hybrid computers. I. Analog Computers: These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer because an analog computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continuous variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy. II. Hybrid Computers: These computers are a combination of both digital and analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones. Different Kinds of Computers Depending on the size and capacity, computers are classified into three types: 1. Mainframe Computers - Large and powerful computers that are used by many people (users) at the same time; typically installed in large organizations. Supercomputers: Extremely powerful mainframe computers used in scientific and engineering applications. 2. Minicomputers - Minicomputers are medium sized computers -- Between Mainframe computers and Microcomputers. 3. Microcomputers or Personal Computers Small - computers that fit on your desk; meant to be used by one user (at a time). Personal computers come in a variety of forms such as desktops, laptops and personal digital assistants. Let us look at each of these types of computers. Desktops: A desktop is intended to be used on a single location. Laptops: Similar in operation to desktops, laptop computers are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): It is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of data. Network computer: A small microcomputer with no built-in disk storage, but makes use of larger computers of the company’s network or the Internet through a browser. Exercise A A. Differentiate the types of computer. B. Give some task that can be done through computers. Exercise B Name the following: Answer(for the teacher): PC Lap Top Personal Digital Assistance Tablet PC Activity Sheet No.14 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Care and Safety in PC Operation Learning Targets: Observe quality and safety precautions at all times when performing/ creating products/ service based on existing standards. Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Proper Handling of PC Health Concerns When you use the personal computer, you should take precautions against eyestrain, wrist injury, and pains in the head, shoulder, back, and neck. These parts are easily affected when you use your computer for a long time. Good Posture Sit up straight. Feet flat on the floor, use a footrest if needed. Position your lower arms parallel with the floor and level to your keyboard, with elbows at your side. Keep wrists straight to prevent carpal tunnel syndrome. Do not lean into the monitor, but sit close enough to the keyboard and the mouse to stay relaxed. Good Working Habits Tap on the keys/mouse buttons gently. Avoid long, uninterrupted periods of typing. Take short stretch breaks, ideally every 20 minutes, to prevent fatigue. Avoid staring at the monitor for long periods. Take vision breaks: Focus on objects at least 20 feet away. Do eye exercises. Proper Care of Computer Use an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR). Unplug your system during lightning storms, even if it is surge protected. Disconnect from the Internet during lightning storms to protect modems. Avoid octopus connections. Exercises: A. B. A. Why is it necessary to observe proper care of personal computers? B. How important is considering the good working habits in manipulating computers? C. Develop house rules to maintain the cleanliness of computer lab. Skills Experience Hands on Activity Sheet No.15 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Components of a Computer System Learning Targets: Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes I. Computer Hardware - the physical components of a computer. The Input devices are used by the user to enter data, commands and programs to the computer. Most common input devices are: Keyboard: Used to enter text data. Mouse: Used to point and click at any location on the computer’s video display screen. Normally a mouse will have two or three buttons. Trackball: Replaces the mouse on laptops. Joystick: Similar functionality as mouse Light pen: Used to point or sketch directly on the screen. Scanners: To scan (input) images Digital cameras: To capture pictures directly. Voice recognition systems: These accept spoken words as input. Display and Output Devices Monitor or Display: It is the main output device of a computer. It displays text as well as pictures in black and white or color. Printer: Another output device to which the computer can directly send the data to obtain hard copy printouts of the results. Terminal II. Computer Software Software refers to the intangible part of the computer system that consists of routines and programs, procedures and specialized aids (for example, compilers and library routines) that make the hardware components perform their functions. Computer software can be classified into following categories: 1. Operating system (OS) is the basic software responsible for interacting with the hardware. It is the foundation on which user programs and application programs are built. Two popular operating systems in use today are Unix – for mainframes and minicomputers and Microsoft Windows – for personal computers. 2. Application programs is the catch-all name for all programs that are used for carrying out specific tasks - office document creation (word processor), pay roll processing (spreadsheet), publisher etc. 3. Utility Programs III. Data ware. The systematic and organized collection of data and procedures relevant to the organization IV. People ware. Refers to personnel who manage and use the computer system, who design the applications and systems software, who write and encode the programs and who run the hardware. Exercises: Name/label the parts of a computer below. Skills Experience Hands on Activity Sheet No.16 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Data Processing Cycle Learning Targets: Identify PC peripherals Connect/configure PC peripherals Reference Title: Author: Skills Experience Hands on (PC hardware Assy. software) Use the (Simulation) video or the illustrations below. Exercises: Label the PC ports below. Activity Sheet No.17 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: The Mouse Learning Targets: Demonstrate basic skills in manipulating the mouse. Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes  Mouse - Device used to move the mouse pointer around the screen. Usually two buttons to select and activate features – Moving mouse on flat surface causes mouse ball to rotate and initiates movement reflected on screen. – Same principal if using trackball or thumb mouse. Using the Mouse Click - Point mouse cursor at item, then press left mouse button once and release button to select item. Double-Click - Point mouse cursor at item and then click left mouse button twice quickly to initiate programs or open files. Right-Click - Point mouse cursor at item and then click right mouse button to display shortcut menu. Left Drag - Press and hold left mouse button while moving mouse moves items or selects multiple items. Right Drag - Press and hold right mouse button while moving mouse moves or copies items. When button released, shortcut menu appears for further command selection. Middle Wheel or Button - If middle or third button, customize to perform certain actions. Most mice come with small wheel to scroll up, down, left or right. Thumb Buttons - Additional buttons on side where your thumb rests can be customized to perform specific tasks. Manipulating the Mouse  To move traditional mouse: – Grasp mouse with palm down, and index finger gently resting on first button – Slide mouse flat along desk – If run out of space on desk, lift mouse from desk and place in new position to continue moving  To move trackball: – Rotate ball in direction desired with thumb, resting index finger on first button and the rest of hand on desk – Will not run out of space on desk but need time to get used to rotating ball  To cancel any option: Click anywhere away from option be Exercises: 1. Give the different mouse movements. 2. Draw a modern typical PC mouse and label the parts. Skills Experience Hands on Have mouse drill exercise using computer games such as solitaire, soma, plants and zombies or the like. Activity Sheet No.18 Name: ________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _____________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: The Keyboard Learning Targets: Familiarize the typical PC keyboard State the function of the special keys of a typical PC keyboard. Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Keyboard - Input device used to send information to computer. Primary tool for inputting alphanumeric data or instruct computer via a series of keystrokes. Special Keys of a Typical PC Keyboard Enter Key - Executes typed command, performs selected option from a menu, marks end of line, or creates blank line. Backspace Key - Deletes one character to the left of flashing cursor each time you press it. Often marked with left pointing () arrow. Delete Key - Deletes character above or to the right of flashing cursor each time it is pressed. Space Bar - Inserts blank spaces between words or sentences. Escape key - Cancels current selection, or generates special code for computer Tab Key - Advances cursor to right by specified number of spaces in a word processing program or to the next cell in a spreadsheet program. Shift Key - Selects uppercase letters for typewriter keys and produces punctuation symbols that share number keys. It is also used in conjunction with other keys to perform function or task in a program. Caps Lock Key - Locks letter keys to produce only uppercase versions of each letter. Ctrl Key - Provides secondary meaning or function for almost every other key on the keyboard. Alternate Key - Provides a secondary meaning or function for almost every other key on the keyboard. Arrow Keys - Use to move the cursor up, down, left or right. Most enhanced keyboards have the cursor keys between typewriter keys and numeric keypad. Print Screen - Captures snapshot of information on the screen. In DOS, sends it to the printer; in Windows, sends it to the Clipboard. Scroll Lock - Use to toggle (start and stop) the scrolling display of data on the screen. Ctrl + Pause - Use to stop or freeze the computer, and will continue when any key is pressed. Holding the key sequence sends a Break code to the computer to unfreeze or unhang a computer Function Keys  Located along the top row  Labeled F1 through to F12 – Assigned special meaning or function for each key in application programs – Primary purpose to provide shortcut for commonly used commands Cursor and Numeric Keypad  Located at the far right  Can toggle on and off by pressing key in top row of pad – When on, pad becomes calculator or numeric pad – When off, pad becomes arrow or cursor movement pad Exercises: A. Label the parts of a typical PC Key Board. Skills Experience Hands on Activity Sheet No.19 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Mouse & Keyboarding Techniques Learning Targets: Get a typing speed of 30 words per minute. Reference Title: Author: Skills Experience Hands on A. Typing Drill (Using Kiran Typing Tutor, Typing Master or any typing software available) (Good for 0ne Week) Activity Sheet No.20 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Starting and Shutting Down PC Learning Targets: Perform Starting and Shutting Down PC. Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Starting the Computer Locations of switches and buttons vary from computer to computer. Many newer computers have power switch at the front, sometimes at the top right or in the center of the front panel. Power switch for monitor is usually at the front, lower right corner. Not all computers have a Reset button. Starting the Computer 1. Turn on everything connected to the system unit first. 2. Turn on the system unit. 3. After several lines of information are displayed on the screen, the computer starts to look for the operating system by accessing Drive A first. 4. The disk drive light comes on, and then the operating system is loaded off hard disk and into the computer’s RAM memory. Understanding the Boot Routine  Process of turning on computer and loading operating system is called booting the computer  When you first turn on the computer, you are performing a cold boot  A warm boot refers to process of clearing RAM and reloading new copy of operating system from disk  As the computer receives power, the Boot Program or ROM BIOS conducts extensive check of computer’s main components, including RAM, and checks devices connected to the computer  Final step of boot program is to load operating system  Operating system files loaded into RAM and control passes to operating system Shutting Down the Computer  When you no longer want to use the computer, always shut down the computer appropriately  Never turn the computer off without using the correct procedure as this can damage the system files  Always make sure any application programs are also closed prior to activating the shut down process  To shut down the computer correctly: 1. Click on the Start button. 2. Click on the Shut Down command at the bottom of the Start menu. 3. Ensure that Shut Down is selected for the procedure and then click on the OK button. 4. Wait for Windows to completely shut down and turn off the computer before turning off the monitor or any other devices Exercises: A. What button in the in the front panel of the computer unit you will press boot the system? B. Why is it necessary to properly shutdown the computer? Skills Experience Hands on Activity Sheet No.21 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Installing/uninstalling applications Learning Targets: Perform installing/uninstalling, configuring applications. Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Installing and Uninstalling Programs Windows simplifies process for installing and removing programs by guiding you through process. In most cases, when you insert CD containing software program, that CD will contain program that will automatically start installation process. If CD doesn’t contain file of this type, Windows will detect that you have inserted a CD and will display a window prompting you for further action. Before installing program, check your system to see if program already installed. Installing a New Program  Programs may be installed from local drive, network drive, CD, DVD, or floppy disk drive  Some programs will automatically install when you insert CD or DVD  Other programs require you to start installation process yourself  Can also add new program from within Control Panel. Why Isn’t the Program Working?  Program installing but after few screens, error message indicates cannot proceed without more rights  Copy of installation CD stops during installation or displays various error messages  Installation stops somewhere during installation process  There are hardware or software conflicts  Encounter problems with existing files that can’t be read in new program  Software installation successful but have problems seeing different parts of program Uninstalling a Program  Always uninstall a program when you no longer require or use it.  Remember to always choose the Add or Remove Programs option or an Uninstall option with the software program to properly remove a program.  Not all programs can be uninstalled in the same way; if unsure, check with technical person for assistance. To access Control Panel for uninstalling/removing a program do the following command:  Click on Start, Control Panel, click the program you to remove, and click remove button. Exercises: A. What programs you usually installed in your computer system? B. Write the on screen command in uninstalling programs. Skills Experience Hands on Activity Sheet No.22 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Looking at the OS Interface Learning Targets: Know the importance of an operating system. Enumerate the types of operating system. Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Looking at Operating Systems  Operating system or environment is collection of programs designed to control computer’s interaction and communication with user  Essentially performs two important functions – Manages input devices, output devices, and storage devices – Manages files stored on the computer and recognizes file types  Every computer requires operating system to function  Examples of operating systems include: – DOS – Windows – Unix – Linux – Apple Operating System  With the exception of Unix, all other computers use a graphical operating system – Graphical user interface (GUI) allows person to use mouse and other devices to point and select desired functions rather than remember commands Microsoft Windows  Operating system for PCs  Allows WYSIWYG screen display  Each version provides better graphics display and better file and disk management capabilities  Windows XP latest version  Advanced graphics display as well as enhanced file and disk management tools Exercises: A. B. Skills Experience Hands on Activity Sheet No.23 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Object Manipulation Learning Targets: Identifying OS objects and manipulating the user interface Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes The Windows Desktop Desktop The work area where windows, icons, menus, and dialog boxes appear, and may contain shortcuts to frequently used files, programs, or web pages. Taskbar By default, located at the bottom of the screen and contains the Start button, the taskbar notification area, and may display the Quick Launch bar or other toolbars. Start Button Use to start programs, open documents, find items, get help, or log off and shut down your computer. Mouse Cursor The pointing arrow represents the movement or action of the mouse. My Computer This folder allows you to quickly access storage devices that have been mapped (set up) to your computer. Recycle Bin Temporary storage place for deleted files. Use it to retrieve or restore files deleted in error. Internet Explorer A web browser that allows you to access the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) services or your company’s Intranet. My Documents By default, this folder contains documents or files you create and save on the computer. My Network Places Basically performs the same function as My Computer except that it displays the shared resources available on your network, or can be used to install a network printer. Navigating Within Windows  Most common method of navigating is to use a mouse  Keyboard can be used when working with Windows but without the same degree of ease Exercises: A. How are we going to customize the desktop? Skills Experience Hands on Customizing the desktop. Activity Sheet No.24 Name: ___________________¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬_________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Object Manipulation Learning Targets: Identifying OS objects and manipulating the user interface Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Using the Start Button  Most commonly used feature in Windows  Primary means of starting programs, finding files, accessing online help, logging off the network, switching between users or shutting down the computer  Can use mouse or keyboard to navigate through Start menu  A triangle () symbol pointing to the right indicates submenu will be displayed when you select item with triangle  A more menu items ( ) symbol may be displayed at bottom of All Programs menu, indicating hidden programs not used recently  Depending on version of Windows installed, may see version displayed on Start menu as a reference All Programs - Contains submenu which lists all programs. May only display programs used most frequently. My Documents - Opens folder to store letters, memos, reports, notes and many other kinds of documents. My Recent Documents - Shows files recently accessed, regardless of program used to view file. Can hold up to 15 documents Control Panel - Customize appearance and functionality. Printers and Faxes - Shows installed printers or fax devices, and helps add new ones. Help and Support - Central location for help topics, tutorials, troubleshooting and other support services. My Network Places - Access to files, folders and other information on other computers on a network. Network Connections - Connects to other computers, networks, and the Internet. Can create new connections, set up small business network or modify existing connections Administrative Tools - Contains a collection of Windows tools generally used by Network Administrators. Search - Use to find files, specific words or phrases in a file. Can search for folders, or information on the Internet, etc. Help and Support - Displays online help program. Central location for Help topics, tutorials, troubleshooting and other support services. Run - Run programs, open files or folders, or other resources. Log Off - Options for closing your programs and logging off, or leave programs running and switch to other users. Turn Off Computer - Options for turning off or restarting your computer, or for activating Hibernate modes. Exercises: A. What does this symbol stands for? B. What items found in the following:  Control panel  My network places Skills Experience Hands on Activity Sheet No.25 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Managing Files and Folders Learning Targets: Create, delete and rename folder in different ways. Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes When Microsoft Windows XP is installed on a computer, it creates four system folders namely: Documents and Settings. This folder contains a subfolder for each user profile—each user who has logged on to the computer or who has logged on to a network domain through the computer. Windows XP may create multiple profiles for one person if that person logs on in different ways. Program Files. This is the folder where most programs install the files they need in order to run. When you install a new program, you are generally given the opportunity to change the installation folder; if you accept the default, the program is installed in this location. Temp. Tmeans the operating system and various other programs might store temporary files in this folder. In the Documents and Settings folder, Windows XP creates three folders: 1. My Documents. This folder is a convenient place to store documents, spreadsheets, and other files you want to access quickly. 2. My Pictures. This subfolder of My Documents has special capabilities for handling picture files. 3. My Music. This subfolder of My Documents has special capabilities for handling music files. To Create a New Folder: 1. Open My Computer 2. Click on the drive or folder in which you want to create a new folder. 3. On the File menu, point to New, and then click Folder. A new folder appears with the name New Folder. 4. Type the new folder name for the new folder, and then press ENTER. To Delete a File or Folder: 1. Open My Computer. 2. Click the file or folder you want to delete. 3. On the File menu, click Delete. To Copy or Move a File or Folder: 1. Open My Computer. 2. Click the drive or folder you want to work with. 3. Click the file or folder you want to copy or move. 4. On the Edit menu, click Copy. Or, click Cut to move or delete the item. 5. Open the folder or disk where you want to copy or move the item. 6. On the Edit menu, click Paste. To Rename a File or Folder: 1. Open My Computer. 2. Locate the file or folder whose name you want to change. 3. Right-click on the file or folder. 4. Choose Rename from the shortcut menu. 5. With the name selected, type a new name, or click to position the insertion point and edit the name. 6. Press the Enter key Exercises: A. Give another way of creating, deleting and renaming a folder aside from the procedure stated. Skills Experience Hands on Activity Sheet No.26 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Adding and Setting-up printer Learning Targets: Add printer and print simple document. Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Printing Files Printer driver processes document into acceptable format for printer and then goes into print queue. From print queue, document goes to print spooler. When printer ready, spooler sends document to printer. Printing occurs in background. Several ways to print document:  Can print directly from within program  Can print from folder or shortcut Use print queue to check printing status or cancel print request Checking the Printer List Before sending document to print, check status of printer or choose another printer. Each printer varies slightly. Quality will vary with each printer. To check printer features, right-click on printer icon and then click on Properties  Printer with check mark is default printer  Add printer using Add Printer command Exercise: A. Enumerate the four ways of printing a document. Skills Experience Hands on Print simple document. Activity Sheet No.27 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Formatting/ Printing Simple Document Learning Targets: Reference Title: Author: Concept Notes Printing Documents  If printing document from within program, use Print Preview to see how document will appear when printed  If printing document from My Documents folder, My Computer, or My Recent Documents menu, Print Preview not available  To print entire document using default printer, click on (Print) button on application toolbar  To specify particular printer, page range or number of copies, use File, Print, or press Ctrl + P  Select Printer If access to more than one printer, click on printer to use. Page Range Print all pages, selected text, current page, or range of pages to be printed. Number of copies Specify number of copies to print. • Click the Page Layout Tab on the Ribbon • On the Page Background Group, click the Page Colors or Page Borders drop down menus Skills Experience Hands on Print simple document. Activity Sheet No.28 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: 4M’s of Production Learning Targets: Analyze the resources needed in order to produce products/ services by following 4M’s of production Reference Title: Technology and Hone Economics II, p. 332 Author: Concept Notes Production – is defined as the processing or conversion of raw materials by workers using machinery and equipment to produce goods or provide a service. The raw materials are called the inputs while the goods or services are called the outputs. The 4M’s of production: 1. Materials – things that can be converted by manufacturer, processing or combination into a new and useful product. 2. Manpower – refers to the total supply of person available and fitted to work in affirm. 3. Machinery – refers to the tools, equipment, machines used by workers in making a particular product. 4. Methods – refers to the step-by-step procedures followed in transforming the raw materials into a desired goods or services. Exercise A A. Classify the following under the 4M’s of production. Internet attendant bond paper printing computer CD/DVD printer encoding / typing programmer LCD projector programming computer technician UTP cable Assembling application software multipurpose tester IT teacher OS software computer technician aid laptop formatting MATERIALS MANPOWER MACHINERY METHODS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Exercise B 1. Why are the 4M’s necessary in producing quality product/service? Activity Sheet No.29 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Compute for the direct/ indirect costs of production Learning Targets: Compute the price of products/services by following the basic cost computation formula Reference Title: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_%28business%29 TLE I pp. 279-280 Author: Concept Notes Markup is the difference between the cost of a good or service and its selling price. A markup is added on to the total cost incurred by the producer of a good or service in order to create a profit. Markup can be expressed as a fixed amount or as a percentage of the total cost or selling price. Retail markup is commonly calculated as the difference between wholesale price and retail price, as a percentage of wholesale. Other methods are also used. Price determination Markup percentage is used to determine the selling price of merchandise. The selling price must exceed the purchase price in an amount sufficient to cover the operating expenses and still leaves or gives satisfactory profit. Markup is percentage of the profit the seller wants from the selling price of merchandise. To determine the mark up price, multiply the purchase price with the percentage mark up. To llustrate: Purchase price = P 9.00 10% markup = x .10 Markup price = P 0.90 Selling price = P 9.90 To determine the markup percentage when based on cost, use this formula: Peso markup Markup % = ------------------- Purchase cost P 0.90 P 9.00 = 10% Exercise A Solve the following problem: 1. Purchase Price = P 200.00 Markup = 15% What is the selling price? 2. Purchase price = P 650.00 Selling Price = P 747.50 What is the markup percentage? Exercise B 1. What is markup? 2. How markup percentage is determined? Activity Sheet No.30 Name: ____________________________________________________________________________________ Score: _______________________ Yr. & Sec. _________________________________________________________________________________ Date: ________________________ School: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity Title: Quality and safety Learning Targets: Observe quality and safety precautions at all times when performing/ creating products/ service based on existing standards Reference Title: http://www.socc.edu/computerlabs/pgs/rules/index.shtml Author: Concept Notes Note: You can use your own respective lab rules and policies for discussion. Sample Lab Rules Instructional Computer Lab Rules 1. Lab users must sign in and out of the lab. 2. NO FOOD, DRINK, OR USE OF TOBACCO IN ANY FORM is allowed in the labs. 3. Telephones are NOT for personal use. 4. TURN OFF CELL PHONES! If you need to use it, please take it to the hallway. 5. The only game allowed is Solitaire. 6. No children are allowed to inter inside the lab. 7. Lab users should maintain professional and courteous communication. Electronic devices should be used on a professional level. No obnoxious or belligerent behavior will be tolerated. 8. Please operate the equipment with respect and care. 9. Activities in the lab(s) that are considered by the lab aides to be abusive to the software, hardware, and\or personnel may result in expulsion from the lab(s) and denial of future use of the lab(s). 10. Excessive use of paper and materials may require reimbursement to the lab. Paper being discarded should be placed in a recycle container. 11. Software may be installed by Computer Labs Teacher only. Do not install any software on your own. Files not put on by Computer Labs staff will be routinely removed. 12. Do not modify any software or files. Do not overwrite the operating system, modify the autoexec.bat or config.sys or any other system parameters. 13. For any hardware, software, printer, paper, or ink problems, please contact the IT teacher. 14. Access to pornographic sites will not be allowed. If the instructor feels that students need access to pornographic sites for academic reasons, then this access should occur at some other private site. 15. Printing of web site images and pages must be for academic purposes only. Arrangements must be made with a lab aide to print images that could be visually disturbing to other students. Any failure to follow these lab rules may result in the loss of your lab privileges. CONSEQUENCES: First Violation: The violator will receive a written warning from the Coordinator of Instructional Computing outlining the consequences that will follow if there are further violations. Second Violation: The violator will be banned from all non-instructor supervised computer labs for the remainder of the term in which the violation occurs. Third Violation: The violator will be permanently banned from all non-instructor supervised computer labs. The violator could appeal any of these actions through the normal grievance process outlined in the Student Rights and Responsibilities document.