presidential system
A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists andpresides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not responsibleand which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it.[1]

Characteristics of presidents
Some national presidents are "figurehead" heads of state, like constitutional monarchs, and not active executive heads of government. (although some figurehead presidents and constitutional monarchs maintain reserve powers) In contrast, in a full-fledged presidential system, a president is chosen by the people to be the head of the executive branch.

Advantages of presidential systems
Supporters generally claim four basic advantages for presidential systems:
 Direct mandate — in a presidential system, the president is often elected directly by the people. To some, this makes the president's power more legitimate than that of a leader appointed indirectly. However, in the United States, the president is elected neither directly nor through the legislature, but by an electoral college.
 Separation of powers — a presidential system establishes the presidency and the legislature as two parallel structures. Supporters say that this arrangement allows each structure to monitor and check the other, preventing abuses.
 Speed and decisiveness — some argue that a president with strong powers can usually enact changes quickly. However, others argue that the separation of powers slows the system down.
 Stability — a president, by virtue of a fixed term, may provide more stability than a prime minister who can be dismissed at any time.
Direct mandate
A prime minister is usually chosen by a majority of the people's representatives, while a president is usually chosen directly by the people. According to supporters of the presidential system[who?], a popularly elected leadership is inherently more democratic than a leadership chosen by a legislative body, even if the legislative body was itself elected to rule.
Separation of powers
The fact that a presidential system separates the executive from the legislature is sometimes held up as an advantage, in that each branch may scrutinize the actions of the other. In a parliamentary system, the executive is drawn from the legislature, making criticism of one by the other considerably less likely. A formal condemnation of the executive by the legislature is often regarded to be a vote of no confidence. According to supporters of the presidential system, the lack of checks and balances means that misconduct by a prime minister may never be discovered.
Speed and decisiveness
Some supporters of presidential systems claim that presidential systems can respond more rapidly to emerging situations than parliamentary ones. A prime minister, when taking action, needs to retain the support of the legislature, but a president is often less constrained.
Stability
Although most parliamentary governments go long periods of time without a no confidence vote, Italy, Israel, and the French Fourth Republic have all experienced difficulties maintaining stability. When parliamentary systems have multiple parties and governments are forced to rely on coalitions, as they often do in nations that use a system of proportional representation, extremist parties can theoretically use the threat of leaving a coalition to further their agendas.

Criticism
Critics generally claim three basic disadvantages for presidential systems:
 Tendency towards authoritarianism — some political scientists say that presidentialism is not constitutionally stable
 Political gridlock - The separation of powers of a presidential system establishes the presidency and the legislature as two parallel structures. Critics argue that this frequently creates undesirable and long-term political gridlock and political instability whenever the president and the legislative majority are from different parties, which is common because the electorate usually expects more rapid results from new policies than are possible. In addition, this reduces accountability by allowing the president and the legislature to shift blame to each other.
 Impediments to leadership change — it is claimed that the difficulty in removing an unsuitable president from office before his or her term has expired represents a significant problem.
Tendency towards authoritarianism
Winning the presidency is a winner-take-all, zero-sum prize. A prime minister who does not enjoy a majority in the legislature will have to either form a coalition or, if he is able to lead a minority government, govern in a manner acceptable to at least some of the opposition parties.
Political gridlock
Some political scientists speak of the "failure of presidentialism" because the separation of powers of a presidential system frequently creates undesirable and long-term political gridlock and political instability whenever the president and the legislative majority are from different parties. This is common because the electorate usually expects more rapid results from new policies than are possible and often prefers candidates from a different party at the next election.
Impediments to leadership change
Another alleged problem of presidentialism is that it is often difficult to remove a president from office early. Even if a president is "proved to be inefficient, even if he becomes unpopular, even if his policy is unacceptable to the majority of his countrymen, he and his methods must be endured until the moment comes for a new election."


The Philippines has a presidential form of government. The President functions as the head of state and head of government, and is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The political system works under 3 individual and interdependent branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.
The Executive branch (law-enforcing body) is under the headship of the president. The president obtains the position through national voting system; the tenure is a six-year period. The executive seat of the state is run officially from the Malacañang Palace and also serves as the official residence of the president. During his or her term, the president can appoint and terminate any of the cabinet members whom he/she presides over. The Vice-President is the second highest position and is also elected for a 6-year term through a popular voting system.
Legislative branch (law-making body) is characterized by a bicameral Congress comprising the Senate and the House of Representatives. Occupying the upper house is the Senate whose 24 members are voted for in a national election with a 6-year term. On the lower house is the House of Representatives elected to a 3-year term.
The Judicial branch (law-interpreting body) demonstrates its authority to the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body and presided by a Chief Justice with 14 Associate Justices; all are appointed by the president under the advice of the Judicial and Bar Council.
The Office of the Ombudsman is the official monitoring body of the government. Its main purpose is to investigate and take legal actions against any government officials purportedly responsible of crimes particularly graft and corruption.

presidential system
A presidential system is a system of government where an executive branch exists andpresides (hence the name) separately from the legislature, to which it is not responsibleand which cannot, in normal circumstances, dismiss it.[1]

Characteristics of presidents
Some national presidents are "figurehead" heads of state, like constitutional monarchs, and not active executive heads of government. (although some figurehead presidents and constitutional monarchs maintain reserve powers) In contrast, in a full-fledged presidential system, a president is chosen by the people to be the head of the executive branch.

Advantages of presidential systems
Supporters generally claim four basic advantages for presidential systems:
 Direct mandate — in a presidential system, the president is often elected directly by the people. To some, this makes the president's power more legitimate than that of a leader appointed indirectly. However, in the United States, the president is elected neither directly nor through the legislature, but by an electoral college.
 Separation of powers — a presidential system establishes the presidency and the legislature as two parallel structures. Supporters say that this arrangement allows each structure to monitor and check the other, preventing abuses.
 Speed and decisiveness — some argue that a president with strong powers can usually enact changes quickly. However, others argue that the separation of powers slows the system down.
 Stability — a president, by virtue of a fixed term, may provide more stability than a prime minister who can be dismissed at any time.
Direct mandate
A prime minister is usually chosen by a majority of the people's representatives, while a president is usually chosen directly by the people. According to supporters of the presidential system[who?], a popularly elected leadership is inherently more democratic than a leadership chosen by a legislative body, even if the legislative body was itself elected to rule.
Separation of powers
The fact that a presidential system separates the executive from the legislature is sometimes held up as an advantage, in that each branch may scrutinize the actions of the other. In a parliamentary system, the executive is drawn from the legislature, making criticism of one by the other considerably less likely. A formal condemnation of the executive by the legislature is often regarded to be a vote of no confidence. According to supporters of the presidential system, the lack of checks and balances means that misconduct by a prime minister may never be discovered.
Speed and decisiveness
Some supporters of presidential systems claim that presidential systems can respond more rapidly to emerging situations than parliamentary ones. A prime minister, when taking action, needs to retain the support of the legislature, but a president is often less constrained.
Stability
Although most parliamentary governments go long periods of time without a no confidence vote, Italy, Israel, and the French Fourth Republic have all experienced difficulties maintaining stability. When parliamentary systems have multiple parties and governments are forced to rely on coalitions, as they often do in nations that use a system of proportional representation, extremist parties can theoretically use the threat of leaving a coalition to further their agendas.

Criticism
Critics generally claim three basic disadvantages for presidential systems:
 Tendency towards authoritarianism — some political scientists say that presidentialism is not constitutionally stable
 Political gridlock - The separation of powers of a presidential system establishes the presidency and the legislature as two parallel structures. Critics argue that this frequently creates undesirable and long-term political gridlock and political instability whenever the president and the legislative majority are from different parties, which is common because the electorate usually expects more rapid results from new policies than are possible. In addition, this reduces accountability by allowing the president and the legislature to shift blame to each other.
 Impediments to leadership change — it is claimed that the difficulty in removing an unsuitable president from office before his or her term has expired represents a significant problem.
Tendency towards authoritarianism
Winning the presidency is a winner-take-all, zero-sum prize. A prime minister who does not enjoy a majority in the legislature will have to either form a coalition or, if he is able to lead a minority government, govern in a manner acceptable to at least some of the opposition parties.
Political gridlock
Some political scientists speak of the "failure of presidentialism" because the separation of powers of a presidential system frequently creates undesirable and long-term political gridlock and political instability whenever the president and the legislative majority are from different parties. This is common because the electorate usually expects more rapid results from new policies than are possible and often prefers candidates from a different party at the next election.
Impediments to leadership change
Another alleged problem of presidentialism is that it is often difficult to remove a president from office early. Even if a president is "proved to be inefficient, even if he becomes unpopular, even if his policy is unacceptable to the majority of his countrymen, he and his methods must be endured until the moment comes for a new election."


The Philippines has a presidential form of government. The President functions as the head of state and head of government, and is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. The political system works under 3 individual and interdependent branches: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.
The Executive branch (law-enforcing body) is under the headship of the president. The president obtains the position through national voting system; the tenure is a six-year period. The executive seat of the state is run officially from the Malacañang Palace and also serves as the official residence of the president. During his or her term, the president can appoint and terminate any of the cabinet members whom he/she presides over. The Vice-President is the second highest position and is also elected for a 6-year term through a popular voting system.
Legislative branch (law-making body) is characterized by a bicameral Congress comprising the Senate and the House of Representatives. Occupying the upper house is the Senate whose 24 members are voted for in a national election with a 6-year term. On the lower house is the House of Representatives elected to a 3-year term.
The Judicial branch (law-interpreting body) demonstrates its authority to the Supreme Court of the Philippines as the highest judicial body and presided by a Chief Justice with 14 Associate Justices; all are appointed by the president under the advice of the Judicial and Bar Council.
The Office of the Ombudsman is the official monitoring body of the government. Its main purpose is to investigate and take legal actions against any government officials purportedly responsible of crimes particularly graft and corruption.